![]() ![]() In 2011, Iovene integrated the linkage groups with pachytene chromosomes of carrot through fluorescent in situ hybridization. The average length of the carrot chromosome is 2.34 μm 11, 12. Most cultivated carrots are diploid (2 n = 2 x = 18). The basic chromosome number of carrots is 9–11. ![]() With the further development of sequencing, more functional genes related to pigment synthesis will be found. Different pigment contents are responsible for the different colors. The color of the root is varied and includes orange, yellow, purple, red, and white 4. The fleshy taproot of the carrot develops from the hypocotyls, and the shape of the carrot root is always conical. The colors of the cultivated carrot flowers are usually white, and the carrot leaves are compound leaves 4, 10. ![]() The umbel is a characteristic for distinguishing carrots from related taxa. The flower of the carrot is a flattened umbrella-shaped umbel (Fig. A large amount of carbohydrates are stored in the enlarged taproots for the carrot plant flowering in the second year. Carrot roots, which develop from the hypocotyls, have good storage ability. The carrot is a biennial herbaceous species in the Apiaceae family. Potential further work in carrot research is also discussed. This review is mainly focused on the domestication, breeding, omics, and chemical composition of carrots. As one of the most important members of the Apiaceae family that is widely cultivated around the world, a large number of studies on carrots have also been performed. With the development of molecular biology technology, a large amount of information has been produced in research on vegetable crops. The majority of studies on carrots have focused on cultivation, breeding, tissue culture, nutrient content, and carotenoid synthesis regulation 7, 8, 9. With increasing health awareness, carrots are becoming more popular due to their abundant nutrients and benefits for human health. The carrot storage root is a good source of carotenoids, vitamins, and dietary fiber and is also rich in minerals and antioxidants 5, 6. Currently, orange carrots are becoming more popular and more widely cultivated in the world. The leaves of western carrots are highly dissected, and the roots are unbranched 2, 4. The roots of most western carrots are orange, red or white. They have slightly dissected leaves and branched roots. ![]() The roots of most eastern carrots are purple, and some are yellow. Eastern carrots are thought to originate from Afghanistan, while the origin of western carrots is still uncertain 2, 3. The cultivated carrots are mainly classified into eastern carrots and western carrots based on pigmentation in the carrot roots 2. Perspectives about future research work on carrots are also briefly provided.Ĭarrot ( Daucus carota L.), a biennial herbaceous species, is a member of the Apiaceae family 1. In this review, we will briefly summarize the origins, genetic breeding, resistance breeding, genome editing, omics research, hormone regulation, and nutritional composition of carrots. A genome editing system based on CRISPR/Cas9 was also constructed for carrot research. A large amount of sequence data has been produced and applied to improve carrot breeding. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, many efficient tools have been adopted in carrot research. Research on hormone regulation in the growth and development of carrots has also been widely performed. The biosynthesis, metabolism, and medicinal properties of carotenoids in carrots have been widely studied. Carrot extracts, which serve as sources of antioxidants, have important functions in preventing many diseases. The storage root is widely utilized due to its richness in carotenoids, anthocyanins, dietary fiber, vitamins and other nutrients. Carrots ( Daucus carota L.), among the most important root vegetables in the Apiaceae family, are cultivated worldwide. ![]()
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